3Rs: Principles of replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use for scientific research or product safety testing
ACD: Allergic contact dermatitis
ADMET CoE: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Toxicology Center of Excellence (U.S. Department of Defense)
ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CaCVAM: Canadian Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods
CDRH: Center for Devices and Radiological Health (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)
CPSC: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
CSTP: Cellular Sentinels Toxicity Platform (U.S. Air Force)
CVB: Center for Veterinary Biologics (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
DOD: U.S. Department of Defense
DOE: U.S. Department of Energy
DOI: U.S. Department of the Interior
DOT: U.S. Department of Transportation
DPRA: Direct peptide reactivity assay
EASA: Electrophilic allergen screening assay
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EURL ECVAM: European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing
FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
FR: Federal Register
GHS: United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
h-CLAT: Human cell line activation test
HTS: High-throughput screening
IATA: Integrated approach to testing and assessment
ICATM: International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods
ICCVAM: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
ICH: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
ILS: Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.
IVIVE: In vitro to in vivo extrapolation
JaCVAM: Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
KoCVAM: Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
LC50: In traditional acute inhalation or aquatic toxicity tests, the concentration that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested
LD50: In traditional acute systemic toxicity tests, the dose that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested
LLNA: Murine local lymph node assay
NCI: National Cancer Institute (National Institutes of Health)
NICEATM: National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods
NIEHS: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (National Institutes of Health)
NIH: National Institutes of Health
NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLM: National Library of Medicine (National Institutes of Health)
NTP: National Toxicology Program
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
QSAR: Quantitative structure-activity relationship
SACATM: Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods
SEAZIT: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (National Toxicology Program)
Tox21: Collaborative effort among four U.S. federal government agencies to develop more efficient approaches to predict how chemicals may affect human health
ToxCast: Toxicity Forecaster (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
U.S.C.: United States Code
USAF: U.S. Air Force
USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS: U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Department of the Interior)
XCEL: Ex Vivo Countermeasure Evolution and Licensure Program (U.S. Department of Defense)