3Rs: Principles of replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use for scientific research or product safety testing
AFRL: Air Force Research Laboratory (U.S. Department of Defense)
AOP: Adverse outcome pathway
APCRA: Accelerating the Pace of Chemical Risk Assessment
ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AWIC: Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
BoNT: Botulinum neurotoxin
BraCVAM: Brazilian Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
CaCVAM: Canadian Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods
CATMoS: Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite
CCDC CBC: U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (U.S. Department of Defense)
CERAPP : Collaborative Estrogen Receptor Activity Prediction Project
CoMPARA: Collaborative Modeling Project for Androgen Receptor Activity
CPSC: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
CVB: Center for Veterinary Biologics (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
DoD: U.S. Department of Defense
DOE: U.S. Department of Energy
DOI: U.S. Department of the Interior
DOT: U.S. Department of Transportation
DPRA: Direct peptide reactivity assay
DSStox: Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
ELISA: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EURL ECVAM: European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing
FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FXRα: Farnesoid X receptor alpha
GHS: United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
HASPOC: Hazard and Science Policy Council (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
h-CLAT: Human cell line activation test
HTS: High-throughput screening
httk: High-throughput toxicokinetic (software package, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
IATA: Integrated approach to testing and assessment
ICATM: International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods
ICCVAM: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
ICE: Integrated Chemical Environment (National Toxicology Program)
ICH: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
ILS: Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.
iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell
IVIVE: In vitro to in vivo extrapolation
JaCVAM: Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
KoCVAM: Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
LC50: In traditional acute inhalation or aquatic toxicity tests, the concentration that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested
LD50: In traditional acute dermal or oral systemic toxicity tests, the dose that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested
MPS: Microphysiological systems
NAM: New approach methodology
NCATS: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (National Institutes of Health)
NCCT: National Center for Computational Toxicology (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
NCI: National Cancer Institute (National Institutes of Health)
NICEATM: National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods
NIEHS: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (National Institutes of Health)
NIH: National Institutes of Health
NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLM: National Library of Medicine (National Institutes of Health)
NTP: National Toxicology Program
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OPERA: Open Structure-activity/property Relationship App
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PBPK: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic
PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
PFAS: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
PK: Pharmacokinetic
QSAR: Quantitative structure-activity relationship
SACATM: Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods
SEAZIT: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (National Toxicology Program)
SOT: Society of Toxicology
Tox21: Collaborative effort among four U.S. Federal Government offices to develop more efficient approaches to predict how chemicals may affect human health
ToxCast: Toxicity Forecaster (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
TOXNET: Toxicology Data Network (National Library of Medicine)
TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS: U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Department of the Interior)