ICCVAM Biennial Report 2018-2019

3Rs: Principles of replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use for scientific research or product safety testing

AFRL: Air Force Research Laboratory (U.S. Department of Defense)

AOP: Adverse outcome pathway

APCRA: Accelerating the Pace of Chemical Risk Assessment

ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

AWIC: Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

BoNT: Botulinum neurotoxin

BraCVAM: Brazilian Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods

CaCVAM: Canadian Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods

CATMoS: Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite

CCDC CBC: U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (U.S. Department of Defense)

CERAPP : Collaborative Estrogen Receptor Activity Prediction Project

CoMPARA: Collaborative Modeling Project for Androgen Receptor Activity

CPSC: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

CVB: Center for Veterinary Biologics (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

DoD: U.S. Department of Defense

DOE: U.S. Department of Energy

DOI: U.S. Department of the Interior

DOT: U.S. Department of Transportation

DPRA: Direct peptide reactivity assay

DSStox: Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

ELISA: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EURL ECVAM: European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing

FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration

FXRα: Farnesoid X receptor alpha

GHS: United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals

HASPOC: Hazard and Science Policy Council (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

h-CLAT: Human cell line activation test

HTS: High-throughput screening

httk: High-throughput toxicokinetic (software package, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

IATA: Integrated approach to testing and assessment

ICATM: International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods

ICCVAM: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods

ICE: Integrated Chemical Environment (National Toxicology Program)

ICH: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

ILS: Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.

iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell

IVIVE: In vitro to in vivo extrapolation

JaCVAM: Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods

KoCVAM: Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods

LC50: In traditional acute inhalation or aquatic toxicity tests, the concentration that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested

LD50: In traditional acute dermal or oral systemic toxicity tests, the dose that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested

MPS: Microphysiological systems

NAM: New approach methodology

NCATS: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (National Institutes of Health)

NCCT: National Center for Computational Toxicology (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

NCI: National Cancer Institute (National Institutes of Health)

NICEATM: National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods

NIEHS: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (National Institutes of Health)

NIH: National Institutes of Health

NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology

NLM: National Library of Medicine (National Institutes of Health)

NTP: National Toxicology Program

OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OPERA: Open Structure-activity/property Relationship App

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PBPK: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic

PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

PFAS: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

PK: Pharmacokinetic

QSAR: Quantitative structure-activity relationship

SACATM: Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods

SEAZIT: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (National Toxicology Program)

SOT: Society of Toxicology

Tox21: Collaborative effort among four U.S. Federal Government offices to develop more efficient approaches to predict how chemicals may affect human health

ToxCast: Toxicity Forecaster (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

TOXNET: Toxicology Data Network (National Library of Medicine)

TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture

USGS: U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Department of the Interior)