Acronyms & Abbreviations

List of acronyms and abbreviations commonly used by NTP
Acronym/Abbreviation	Definition
2,4-D	2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
3Rs	Principles of replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use for scientific research or product safety testing
A	Adenine
AA	Aristolochic acid
AAN	Aristolochic acid nephropathy
ABF	Artificial butter flavoring(s)
ACCK	Accidentally Killed
ACGIH	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ACD	Allergic contact dermatitis
ADH	Alcohol dehydrogenase
ADME	Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
ADMET CoE	Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicology Center of Excellence (U.S. Department of Defense)
AIDS	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALT	Alanine transaminase
ANPRM	Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
ANSI	American National Standards Institute
AOP	Adverse outcome pathway
AP1	Activator protein 1
AR	Androgen receptor
ASCCT	American Society for Cellular and Computational Toxicology
AST	American Society of Transplantation
ATLL	Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
ATSDR	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AZT	Azidothymidine
BEI	Biological exposure index
BEN	Balkan endemic nephropathy
BOP	Bureau of Prisons
BRCA	Breast cancer susceptibility proteins
BSC	Board of Scientific Counselors
b.w.	Body weight
C	Cytosine
cART	Combined antiretroviral therapy
CAS	Chemical Abstracts Service
CAS No.	Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number
CASRN	Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C. elegans	Caenorhabditis elegans, a type of roundworm
CFR	Code of Federal Regulations
CEBS	Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)
CG W/BD	Cage With Bedding
CG WO/BD	Cage Without Bedding
CHO	Chinese hamster ovary
CI	Confidence interval
C.I.	Colour Index™
CIN	Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CLARITY-BPA	Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Bisphenol A Toxicity
CoCrMo	Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum
COX	Cyclooxygenase
CPSC	Consumer Product Safety Commission
CVB	Center for Veterinary Biologics (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
CYP	Cytochrome P450
dA-AAI	7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam I
dA-AAII	7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam II
DACC	Dosing Accident
DDD	1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane
DDE	1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
DDT	Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
dec	Decomposes
dG	Deoxyguanosine
dG-AAI	7-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-aristolactam I
dG-AAII	7-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-aristolactam II
DHHS	Department of Health and Human Services
DHP	Dihydropyrrolizine
DHS	Department of Homeland Security
DMDTC	Dimethyldithiocarbamate
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase	Deoxyribonuclease
DNT	Dinotrotoluene
DOE	U.S. Department of Energy
DoD	U.S. Department of Defense
DOI	U.S. Department of the Interior Digital object identifier
DOT	U.S. Department of Transportation
DREAM	Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods
DTT	Division of Translational Toxicology (Formally Division of the National Toxicology Program) at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
DVA	U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
EBNA	Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus
ed.	Edition Editor(s)
EDQM	European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare
EDSP	Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
EFV	Efavirenz
EPA	Environmental Protection Agency
EURL ECVAM	European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing
F344	Fischer 344 (rats)
FANC	Fanconi anemia complementation group proteins
FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FACA	Federal Advisory Committee Act
FR	Federal Register
FTC	Emtricitabine (also known as 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine)
G	Guanine
Gav-Dea	Gavage Death
GST	Glutathione S-transferase
GST-P+	Glutathione S-transferase placental form positive
GSTT1	Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 hour(s)
HAART	Highly active antiretroviral therapy
HAM/TSP	HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
HBeAg	Hepatitis B e antigen
HBsAg	Hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HBZ	HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor
HCA	Heterocyclic amine
HCT/Ps	Human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
HHE	Health Hazard Evaluation (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
HHV	Human herpesvirus
HHS	Health and Human Services
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
HIST	Murine histamine sensitization test
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
HIVMA	HIV Medicine Association
Housalon	Housed Alone
HpCDD	Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
HPLC	High performance liquid chromatography
HPV	Human papillomavirus
HRSA	Health Resources and Services Administration
HSDB	Hazardous Substance Data Bank (National Library of Medicine)
HTLV-1	Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
HTS	High-throughput screening
HUD	Housing and Urban Development
HxCDD	Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
IARC	International Agency for Research on Cancer
IATA	Integrated approach to testing and assessment
ICCVAM	Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
ICH	International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
IDLH	Immediately dangerous to life and health
IDSA	Infectious Diseases Society of America
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IL	Interleukin
ILS	Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.
Intr-sac	Interim Sacrifice
IRIS	Integrated Risk Information System
ISO	International Organization for Standardization
IVIVE	In vitro to in vivo extrapolation
JaCVAM	Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
JAK/STAT	Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription
JM	Johns Manville
Kdis	Dissolution rate
KoCVAM	Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
Kow	Octanol-water partition coefficient
KSHV	Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus
LD50	In traditional acute systemic toxicity tests, the dose that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested
LET	Linear energy transfer
LLNA	Murine local lymph node assay
LMP	Latent membrane protein
LT	Large T antigen
MAP	Mitogen-activated protein
MCA 38	Murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line
MCL	Maximum contaminant level
MCPyV	Merkel cell polyomavirus
MCV	Merkel cell polyomavirus
min	Minute(s)
MISS	Missing
MMVF	Man-made (or machine-made) vitreous fibers
MOA	Mode of action
mol wt	Molecular weight
mRR	Meta–relative risk
MSAC	Moribund Sacrifice
N BOTTLE	New Bottle
N FEEDER	New Feeder
N/A	Not applicable
NAC/AEGL	National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form
NAICS	North American Industrial Classification System
NATD	Natural Death
NCEH/ATSDR	National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
NCI	National Cancer Institute
NCSU	North Carolina State University
NC3Rs	National Centre for the 3Rs (United Kingdom)
NCTR	National Center for Toxicological Research
ND	Not detected
NextGen	Advancing the Next Generation of Risk Assessment
NF	Nuclear factor
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NHANES	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NHL	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
NICEATM	NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods
NIEHS	National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIH	National Institutes of Health
NIOSH	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NK	Natural killer
NLM	National Library of Medicine (National Institutes of Health)
NNK	4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
NNN	N-nitrosonornicotine
No.	Number
NOHS	National Occupational Hazard Survey
NOT APPL	Not Applicable
NOT SPEC	Not specified
NR	Not reported
NRC	Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Nrf2	Nuclear respiratory factor 2
NTP	National Toxicology Program
O BOTTLE	Old Bottle
O FEEDER	Old Feeder
OCDD	Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OHAT	Office of Health Assessment and Translation
OPTN	Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
OR	Odds ratio
OSHA	Occupational Safety and Health Administration
P&G	Procter & Gamble
PACs	Polycyclic aromatic compounds
PAH	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PBDEs	Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PCDD	Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin
PCDF	Polychlorinated dibenzofuran
PCP	Pentachlorophenol
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PEL	Permissible exposure limit
PFOA	Perfluorooctanoic acid
PFOS	Perfluorooctane sulfonate
PHS	Public Health Service
Phy-Ab	Physically Abnormal
PISC	PETA International Science Consortium, Ltd.
PI3	Phosphoinositide 3
pKb	Dissociation constant
PVC	Polyvinyl chloride
QSAR	Quantitative structure-activity relationship
r	Correlation coefficient
r2	Coefficient of determination
R-DHP	R-dihydropyrrolizine
REL	Recommended exposure limit
RfC	Inhalation reference concentration
RfD	Oral reference dose
REACH	Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (European Union legislation)
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RoC	Report on Carcinogens
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RQ	Reportable quantity
RR	Relative risk (risk ratio or rate ratio) Research report
s	Second
S&S	Schleicher & Schuell
SACATM	Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods
S-DHP	S-dihydropyrrolizine
SDS	Safety Data Sheet
SEAZIT	Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (National Toxicology Program)
SIR	Standardized incidence ratio
SMR	Standardized mortality ratio
Spec-Ctl	Special Control
Spec_std	Special Study
spp.	Species (plural)
SoT	Society of Toxicology
Srv/Sent	Survey/Sentinel
SSAC W/O NEC	Scheduled Sacrifice without Necropsy
ssRNA	Single-stranded RNA
sT	Small T antigen
STAIN BD	Stained Bedding
STE	Short time exposure
STEL	Short-term exposure limit
SI	Super Intelligence
suppl.	Supplement
T	Thymine Tumor
TCBQ	Tetrachlorobenzoquinone
TCDD	Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
TCE	Trichloroethylene
TCHQ	Tetrachlorohydroquinone
TCLP	Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
TDF	Tenofovir
Term-Sac	Terminal Sacrifice
TLAC	Transfer to Lactation
TLV	Threshold-limit value
TNT	Trinitrotoluene
Tox21	Toxicology in the 21st Century; collaborative effort among four U.S. federal government agencies to develop more efficient approaches to predict how chemicals may affect human health
ToxCast	Toxicity Forecaster (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
TOXNET	Toxicology Data Network (National Library of Medicine)
TPQ	Threshold planning quantity
TRI	Toxics Release Inventory
TSAC	Terminal Sacrifice
TSCA	Toxic Substances Control Act
TSNA	Tobacco-specific nitrosamine(s)
TTNP	Transfer to Next Phase
TURA	Toxics Use Reduction Act
TWA	Time-weighted average
U.S.	United States
USAI	United States of America Standards Institute
U.S.C.	United States Code
USDA	U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS	U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Department of the Interior)
UV	Ultraviolet
UVR	Ultraviolet radiation
VCA	Viral capsid antigen
VOC	Volatile organic chemical
vol.	Volume
v/v	Volume-volume ratio
WC	Tungsten carbide
WET BED	Wet Bedding
WHO	World Health Organization
Wrng-Sex	Wrong Sex
wt.	Weight
XCEL	Ex Vivo Countermeasure Evolution and Licensure Program (U.S. Department of Defense)
Yr	Year