| 2,4-D |
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid |
| 3Rs |
Principles of replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use for scientific research or product safety testing |
| A |
Adenine |
| AA |
Aristolochic acid |
| AAN |
Aristolochic acid nephropathy |
| ABF |
Artificial butter flavoring(s) |
| ACCK |
Accidentally Killed |
| ACGIH |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists |
| ACD |
Allergic contact dermatitis |
| ADH |
Alcohol dehydrogenase |
| ADME |
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion |
| ADMET CoE |
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicology Center of Excellence (U.S. Department of Defense) |
| AIDS |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| ALT |
Alanine transaminase |
| ANSI |
American National Standards Institute |
| AOP |
Adverse outcome pathway |
| AP1 |
Activator protein 1 |
| AR |
Androgen receptor |
| ASCCT |
American Society for Cellular and Computational Toxicology |
| AST |
American Society of Transplantation |
| ATLL |
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
| ATSDR |
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry |
| AZT |
Azidothymidine |
| BEI |
Biological exposure index |
| BEN |
Balkan endemic nephropathy |
| BOP |
Bureau of Prisons |
| BRCA |
Breast cancer susceptibility proteins |
| BSC |
Board of Scientific Counselors |
| b.w. |
Body weight |
| C |
Cytosine |
| cART |
Combined antiretroviral therapy |
| CAS |
Chemical Abstracts Service |
| CAS No. |
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number |
| CASRN |
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number |
| CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| C. elegans |
Caenorhabditis elegans, a type of roundworm |
| CFR |
Code of Federal Regulations |
| CEBS |
Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) |
| CG W/BD |
Cage With Bedding |
| CG WO/BD |
Cage Without Bedding |
| CHO |
Chinese hamster ovary |
| CI |
Confidence interval |
| C.I. |
Colour Index™ |
| CIN |
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| CLARITY-BPA |
Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Bisphenol A Toxicity |
| CoCrMo |
Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum |
| COX |
Cyclooxygenase |
| CPSC |
Consumer Product Safety Commission |
| CVB |
Center for Veterinary Biologics (U.S. Department of Agriculture) |
| CYP |
Cytochrome P450 |
| dA-AAI |
7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam I |
| dA-AAII |
7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam II |
| DACC |
Dosing Accident |
| DDD |
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane |
| DDE |
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene |
| DDT |
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane |
| dec |
Decomposes |
| dG |
Deoxyguanosine |
| dG-AAI |
7-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-aristolactam I |
| dG-AAII |
7-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-aristolactam II |
| DHHS |
Department of Health and Human Services |
| DHP |
Dihydropyrrolizine |
| DHS |
Department of Homeland Security |
| DMDTC |
Dimethyldithiocarbamate |
| DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNase |
Deoxyribonuclease |
| DNT |
Dinotrotoluene |
| DOE |
U.S. Department of Energy |
| DoD |
U.S. Department of Defense |
| DOI |
- U.S. Department of the Interior
- Digital object identifier
|
| DOT |
U.S. Department of Transportation |
| DREAM |
Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods |
| DTT |
Division of Translational Toxicology (Formally Division of the National Toxicology Program) at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| DVA |
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs |
| EBNA |
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen |
| EBV |
Epstein-Barr virus |
| ed. |
- Edition
- Editor(s)
|
| EDQM |
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare |
| EDSP |
Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) |
| EFV |
Efavirenz |
| EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency |
| EURL ECVAM |
European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing |
| F344 |
Fischer 344 (rats) |
| FANC |
Fanconi anemia complementation group proteins |
| FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FACA |
Federal Advisory Committee Act |
| FR |
Federal Register |
| FTC |
Emtricitabine (also known as 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine) |
| G |
Guanine |
| Gav-Dea |
Gavage Death |
| GST |
Glutathione S-transferase |
| GST-P+ |
Glutathione S-transferase placental form positive |
| GSTT1 |
Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 hour(s) |
| HAART |
Highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| HAM/TSP |
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis |
| HBeAg |
Hepatitis B e antigen |
| HBsAg |
Hepatitis B surface antigen |
| HBV |
Hepatitis B virus |
| HBZ |
HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor |
| HCA |
Heterocyclic amine |
| HCT/Ps |
Human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products |
| HCV |
Hepatitis C virus |
| HHE |
Health Hazard Evaluation (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) |
| HHV |
Human herpesvirus |
| HHS |
Health and Human Services |
| HIF-1α |
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha |
| HIST |
Murine histamine sensitization test |
| HIV |
Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HIVMA |
HIV Medicine Association |
| Housalon |
Housed Alone |
| HpCDD |
Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
| HPLC |
High performance liquid chromatography |
| HPV |
Human papillomavirus |
| HRSA |
Health Resources and Services Administration |
| HSDB |
Hazardous Substance Data Bank (National Library of Medicine) |
| HTLV-1 |
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 |
| HTS |
High-throughput screening |
| HUD |
Housing and Urban Development |
| HxCDD |
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
| IARC |
International Agency for Research on Cancer |
| IATA |
Integrated approach to testing and assessment |
| ICCVAM |
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods |
| ICH |
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use |
| IDLH |
Immediately dangerous to life and health |
| IDSA |
Infectious Diseases Society of America |
| IgG |
Immunoglobulin G |
| IL |
Interleukin |
| ILS |
Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc. |
| Intr-sac |
Interim Sacrifice |
| IRIS |
Integrated Risk Information System |
| ISO |
International Organization for Standardization |
| IVIVE |
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation |
| JaCVAM |
Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods |
| JAK/STAT |
Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription |
| JM |
Johns Manville |
| Kdis |
Dissolution rate |
| KoCVAM |
Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods |
| Kow |
Octanol-water partition coefficient |
| KSHV |
Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus |
| LD50 |
In traditional acute systemic toxicity tests, the dose that produces lethality in 50% of the animals tested |
| LET |
Linear energy transfer |
| LLNA |
Murine local lymph node assay |
| LMP |
Latent membrane protein |
| LT |
Large T antigen |
| MAP |
Mitogen-activated protein |
| MCA 38 |
Murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line |
| MCL |
Maximum contaminant level |
| MCPyV |
Merkel cell polyomavirus |
| MCV |
Merkel cell polyomavirus |
| min |
Minute(s) |
| MISS |
Missing |
| MMVF |
Man-made (or machine-made) vitreous fibers |
| MOA |
Mode of action |
| mol wt |
Molecular weight |
| mRR |
Meta–relative risk |
| MSAC |
Moribund Sacrifice |
| N BOTTLE |
New Bottle |
| N FEEDER |
New Feeder |
| N/A |
Not applicable |
| NAC/AEGL |
National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances |
| NADPH |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form |
| NAICS |
North American Industrial Classification System |
| NATD |
Natural Death |
| NCEH/ATSDR |
National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry |
| NCI |
National Cancer Institute |
| NCSU |
North Carolina State University |
| NC3Rs |
National Centre for the 3Rs (United Kingdom) |
| NCTR |
National Center for Toxicological Research |
| ND |
Not detected |
| NextGen |
Advancing the Next Generation of Risk Assessment |
| NF |
Nuclear factor |
| NF-κB |
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NHANES |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NHL |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| NICEATM |
NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods |
| NIEHS |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
| NIOSH |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| NK |
Natural killer |
| NLM |
National Library of Medicine (National Institutes of Health) |
| NNK |
4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone |
| NNN |
N-nitrosonornicotine |
| No. |
Number |
| NOHS |
National Occupational Hazard Survey |
| NOT APPL |
Not Applicable |
| NOT SPEC |
Not specified |
| NR |
Not reported |
| NRC |
Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| Nrf2 |
Nuclear respiratory factor 2 |
| NTP |
National Toxicology Program |
| O BOTTLE |
Old Bottle |
| O FEEDER |
Old Feeder |
| OCDD |
Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
| OECD |
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OHAT |
Office of Health Assessment and Translation |
| OPTN |
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network |
| OR |
Odds ratio |
| OSHA |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| P&G |
Procter & Gamble |
| PACs |
Polycyclic aromatic compounds |
| PAH |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| PBDEs |
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers |
| PCDD |
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin |
| PCDF |
Polychlorinated dibenzofuran |
| PCP |
Pentachlorophenol |
| PCR |
Polymerase chain reaction |
| PEL |
Permissible exposure limit |
| PFOA |
Perfluorooctanoic acid |
| PFOS |
Perfluorooctane sulfonate |
| PHS |
Public Health Service |
| Phy-Ab |
Physically Abnormal |
| PISC |
PETA International Science Consortium, Ltd. |
| PI3 |
Phosphoinositide 3 |
| pKb |
Dissociation constant |
| PVC |
Polyvinyl chloride |
| QSAR |
Quantitative structure-activity relationship |
| r |
Correlation coefficient |
| r2 |
Coefficient of determination |
| R-DHP |
R-dihydropyrrolizine |
| REL |
Recommended exposure limit |
| RfC |
Inhalation reference concentration |
| RfD |
Oral reference dose |
| REACH |
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (European Union legislation) |
| RNA |
Ribonucleic acid |
| RoC |
Report on Carcinogens |
| ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |
| RQ |
Reportable quantity |
| RR |
- Relative risk (risk ratio or rate ratio)
- Research report
|
| s |
Second |
| S&S |
Schleicher & Schuell |
| SACATM |
Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods |
| S-DHP |
S-dihydropyrrolizine |
| SDS |
Safety Data Sheet |
| SEAZIT |
Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (National Toxicology Program) |
| SIR |
Standardized incidence ratio |
| SMR |
Standardized mortality ratio |
| Spec-Ctl |
Special Control |
| Spec_std |
Special Study |
| spp. |
Species (plural) |
| SoT |
Society of Toxicology |
| Srv/Sent |
Survey/Sentinel |
| SSAC W/O NEC |
Scheduled Sacrifice without Necropsy |
| ssRNA |
Single-stranded RNA |
| sT |
Small T antigen |
| STAIN BD |
Stained Bedding |
| STE |
Short time exposure |
| STEL |
Short-term exposure limit |
| suppl. |
Supplement |
| T |
- Thymine
- Tumor
|
| TCBQ |
Tetrachlorobenzoquinone |
| TCDD |
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
| TCE |
Trichloroethylene |
| TCHQ |
Tetrachlorohydroquinone |
| TCLP |
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure |
| TDF |
Tenofovir |
| Term-Sac |
Terminal Sacrifice |
| TLAC |
Transfer to Lactation |
| TLV |
Threshold-limit value |
| TNT |
Trinitrotoluene |
| Tox21 |
Toxicology in the 21st Century; collaborative effort among four U.S. federal government agencies to develop more efficient approaches to predict how chemicals may affect human health |
| ToxCast |
Toxicity Forecaster (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) |
| TOXNET |
Toxicology Data Network (National Library of Medicine) |
| TPQ |
Threshold planning quantity |
| TRI |
Toxics Release Inventory |
| TSAC |
Terminal Sacrifice |
| TSCA |
Toxic Substances Control Act |
| TSNA |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamine(s) |
| TTNP |
Transfer to Next Phase |
| TURA |
Toxics Use Reduction Act |
| TWA |
Time-weighted average |
| U.S. |
United States |
| USAI |
United States of America Standards Institute |
| U.S.C. |
United States Code |
| USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| USGS |
U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Department of the Interior) |
| UV |
Ultraviolet |
| UVR |
Ultraviolet radiation |
| VCA |
Viral capsid antigen |
| VOC |
Volatile organic chemical |
| vol. |
Volume |
| v/v |
Volume-volume ratio |
| WC |
Tungsten carbide |
| WET BED |
Wet Bedding |
| WHO |
World Health Organization |
| Wrng-Sex |
Wrong Sex |
| wt. |
Weight |
| XCEL |
Ex Vivo Countermeasure Evolution and Licensure Program (U.S. Department of Defense) |
| Yr |
Year |
