ALTBIB Topic-Specific Searches

NICEATM and the USDA National Agricultural Library's Animal Welfare Information Center have collaborated to develop search hedges on topics focused on replacement of animal use. Search hedges are pre-made, standardized search strings that can be used to identify relevant articles for a specific research topic or population from the PubMed database.

To use the hedge:

Select a search topic from the list.
Add one or more additional search terms to the text field below the list.
- Optional search terms will be added to the PubMed query using "AND."
Click "Search" button.
A PubMed window will open with your search results.

These hedges were developed as a replacement for topic-specific searches that were included in previous versions of ALTBIB. Additional topics are under development; please contact NICEATM if you have suggestions for hedge topics.

Search by Topic

Tips

To use a search hedge:

Select a search topic from the list.
Add one or more optional search terms to the text field below the list.
1. Optional search terms will be added to the PubMed query using "AND."
Click the "Search" button.
A PubMed window will open with your search results.

Search topic:

Alternatives to Animal Use for Assessing Acute Inhalation Toxicity

("Inhalation"[MeSH] OR "Inhalation Exposure*"[MeSH] OR "Lung"[MeSH] OR "Lung Diseases"[MeSH] OR "Epithelium"[MeSH] OR "Respiratory System"[MeSH] OR Lung-epithelium[tiab] OR epithelial-airway[tiab] OR airway-epithelium[tiab] OR inhalation[tiab] OR air-liquid-interface[tiab] OR ALI[tiab] OR acute-inhalation-toxic*[tiab] OR inhalation-toxic*[tiab] OR respiratory[tiab] OR respiratory-tract[tiab] OR "acute-respiratory-tract-toxicity"[tiab:~2] OR bronchiole-epithelia[tiab] OR pulmonary-toxicity[tiab] OR inhalation-exposure[tiab] OR respiratory-toxic*[tiab] OR inhalation-toxicity-test*[tiab] OR inhalation-stud*[tiab] OR particle-dissolution[tiab] OR short-term-inhalation-study[tiab] OR Intratracheal-instillation[tiab] OR inhaled-compound*[tiab] OR inhaled-substance*[tiab] OR "upper-respiratory-tract-absorption"[tiab:~0] OR particle-size-distribution[tiab] OR "operator-breathing-measurement"[tiab:~0] OR margin-of-exposure[tiab] OR MOE[tiab]) AND ("Animal Testing Alternatives"[MeSH] OR "Microphysiological Systems"[MeSH] OR "Lab-on-a-chip Devices"[MeSH] OR 3D-cell-culture*[tiab] OR lung-epithelial-cell*[tiab] OR "Cell Culture Techniques/methods*"[MeSH] OR "Cell Line"[MeSH] OR "Cell Line, Tumor"[MeSH] OR "Computer Simulation*"[MeSH] OR "Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*"[MeSH] OR "High-Throughput Screening Assays"[MeSH] OR "In Vitro Techniques*"[MeSH] OR "Lethal Dose 50"[MeSH] OR "Toxicity Tests"[MeSH] OR "Models, Biological"[MeSH] OR "Models, Statistical"[MeSH] OR "Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship"[MeSH] OR "Reproducibility of Results"[MeSH] OR ex-vivo[tiab] OR in-vitro[tiab] OR in-silico[tiab] OR monolayer[tiab] OR adverse-outcome-pathway[tiab] OR aggregate-exposure-pathway[tiab] OR toxicity-testing-alternative*[tiab] OR in-vitro-airway-model*[tiab] OR in-vitro-model*[tiab] OR LD-50[tiab] OR LC-50[tiab] OR lethal-concentration-50[tiab] OR Integrated-approach-to-testing-and-assessment[tiab] OR Integrated-Approaches-to-Testing-and-Assessment[tiab] OR IATA[tiab] OR quantitative-structure-activity-relationships[tiab] OR QSAR[tiab] OR "organ-on-a-chip"[tiab] OR lung-on-a-chip[tiab] OR "organ chip"[tiab:~4] OR "organs chip"[tiab:~4] OR "organs-chips"[tiab:~4] OR in-vitro-alternative*[tiab] OR dosimetry[tiab] OR toxicogenomics[tiab] OR cytotoxicity[tiab] OR alternative-approach*[tiab] OR EpiAirway[tiab] OR "globally-harmonized-system-additivity-formula"[tiab:~0] OR "GHS-inhalation-toxicity"[tiab:~4] OR GHS-additivity-formula[tiab] OR 3Rs[tiab] OR replace-reduce-refine[tiab] OR replacement-reduction-refinement[tiab] OR Acute-systemic-toxicity[tiab] OR Air-liquid-interface-culture[tiab] OR Air-liquid-interface-exposure[tiab] OR ALI-culture[tiab] OR Vitrocell[tiab] OR Alternatives[tiab] OR MucilAir[tiab] OR non-animal[tiab] OR nonanimal[tiab] OR in-vitro-human-airway-model[tiab] OR "three-dimensional-human-airway-epithelial-model"[tiab:~0] OR replacing-animal-test*[tiab] OR BEAS-2B[tiab] OR "3T3-monolayer-cell-culture"[tiab:~0] OR "point-of-contact-inhalation-toxicity-test"[tiab:~0] OR integrated-testing-strategy[tiab] OR "rat-EpiAirway"[tiab:~4] OR "human-EpiAirway"[tiab:~4] OR epithelial-barrier-integrity[tiab] OR alveolar-cells[tiab] OR 3D-cell-model*[tiab] OR three-dimensional-cell-model*[tiab] OR two-dimensional-cell-model*[tiab] OR two-dimension*[tiab] OR 2-D[tiab] OR 2D[tiab] OR "organotypic-culture"[tiab] OR human-airway-epithelial-model*[tiab] OR HAEM[tiab] OR "rat-airway-epithelial-model"[tiab:~2] OR RAEM[tiab] OR tissue-viability[tiab] OR transepithelial-electrical-resistance[tiab] OR trans-epithelial-electrical-resistance[tiab] OR TEER[tiab] OR "EpiAirway-prediction-model"[tiab:~0] OR MTT-Assay[tiab] OR global-regulatory-acceptance[tiab] OR "3D-tissue-based-assay"[tiab:~0] OR human-airway-epithelial-cell-model*[tiab] OR absorption[tiab] OR in-vitro-toxicokin*[tiab] OR absorption-distribution-metabolism-and-excretion[tiab] OR ADME[tiab] OR toxicokinetic model*[tiab] OR apparent-permeability-coefficient[tiab] OR risk-assessment[tiab] OR in-vitro-3D-model*[tiab] OR toxicity-endpoint*[tiab] OR computational-fluid-dynamic*[tiab] OR CFD[tiab] OR PSD[tiab] OR human-equivalent-concentration*[tiab] OR HECs[tiab])

Alternatives to Animal Use for Assessing Developmental Neurotoxicity

(DNT[Title/Abstract] OR "developmental neurotox*"[Title/Abstract] OR "DNT bioactivity"[Title/Abstract] OR "developmental in-vitro neurotoxicity testing"[Title/Abstract] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes/embryology"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes/congenital"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology"[Mesh] OR "developmental neurotoxicity"[title/abstract:~4] OR "Neurogenesis/drug effects"[Mesh]) AND ("new approach method*"[Title/Abstract] OR NAMs[Title/Abstract] OR "DNT testing battery"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-vitro assay*"[Title/Abstract] OR "human cell line"[Title/Abstract] OR "network formation assay"[Title/Abstract] OR "microelectrode array"[Title/Abstract] OR "primary rat cortical neuron*"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-vitro battery"[Title/Abstract] OR "DNT alternatives"[Title/Abstract] OR "reducing refining replacing"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "alternative test system*"[Title/Abstract] OR "non-animal test method*"[Title/Abstract] OR "integrated-approach-to-testing-and-assessment"[Title/Abstract] OR "DNT bioactiv*"[Title/Abstract] OR "adverse outcome pathway*"[Title/Abstract] OR IATA[Title/Abstract] OR NFA[Title/Abstract] OR MEA[Title/Abstract] OR AOP[Title/Abstract] OR "computational toxicology"[Title/Abstract] OR "systems toxicology model*"[Title/Abstract] OR DNT-IVB[Title/Abstract] OR Algorithms[Mesh] OR "Animal Use Alternatives"[Mesh] OR "Animal Testing Alternatives"[Mesh] OR "Artificial Intelligence"[Mesh] OR Biological Assay[Mesh] OR Bioprinting[Mesh] OR "Cells, Cultured"[Mesh] OR "Cell Culture Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional"[Mesh] OR "Cell Line"[Mesh] OR Cheminformatics[Mesh] OR "Computational Biology"[Mesh] OR "Computational Chemistry"[Mesh] OR "Computer Simulation"[Mesh] OR "Databases, Chemical"[Mesh] OR "High-Throughput Screening Assays"[Mesh] OR "Lab-On-A-Chip Devices"[Mesh] OR "Machine Learning"[Mesh] OR Microfluidics[Mesh] OR "Microfluidic Analytical Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Microphysiological Systems"[Mesh] OR "Organ Culture Techniques"[Mesh] OR Organoids[Mesh] OR "High-Throughput Screening Assays"[Mesh] OR "Logistic Models"[Mesh] OR "Machine Learning"[Mesh] OR "Microfluidic Analytical Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Risk assessment/methods"[Mesh] OR "Small Molecule Libraries/toxicity"[Mesh] OR Software[Mesh] OR "Spheroids, Cellular"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cells"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Research"[Mesh] OR "Structure-Activity Relationship"[Mesh] OR "Tissue Culture Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Tissue Engineering/methods"[Mesh] OR "Toxicogenetics/methods"[Mesh] OR "Toxicology/methods"[Mesh] OR "Toxicity Tests/methods"[Mesh] OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh] OR "3D bioprint*"[Title/Abstract] OR "3D cell culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "3D in-vitro model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "3D organ*"[Title/Abstract] OR "3D tissue*"[Title/Abstract] OR 3Rs[Title/Abstract] OR "adverse outcome pathway*"[Title/Abstract] OR algorithm*[Title/Abstract] OR "animal free"[Title/Abstract] OR "animal use alternative*"[Title/Abstract] OR "animal testing alternative*"[Title/Abstract] OR "artificial intelligence"[Title/Abstract] OR "brain chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "brain chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "cell chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "cell chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "cells chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "cells chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "human chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "humans chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "humans chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "human chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "lab chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "lab chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "multi-organ-on-a-chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "multi-organs-on-a-chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "multi-organs-on-chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organ chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organs chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organ chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organs chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organoid chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organoid chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organoids chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "organoids chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "tissue chip"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "tissue chips"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR biocomput*[Title/Abstract] OR "bioengineered tissue*"[Title/Abstract] OR bioinformatic*[Title/Abstract] OR bioprint*[Title/Abstract] OR "cell culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "cell line*"[Title/Abstract] OR cheminformatics[Title/Abstract] OR "co-culture model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "complex in-vitro model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "Comparative Toxicogenomics Database"[Title/Abstract] OR "computational biology"[Title/Abstract] OR "computational chemistry"[Title/Abstract] OR "computational method*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computational model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computational tool*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computational toxicology"[Title/Abstract] OR "computerized model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computer model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computer program*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computer simulation*"[Title/Abstract] OR "computer tool*"[Title/Abstract] OR "culture technique*"[Title/Abstract] OR database*[Title/Abstract] OR "deep learning"[Title/Abstract] OR "experimental model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "exposure science"[Title/Abstract] OR high-throughput[Title/Abstract] OR IATA[Title/Abstract] OR "integrated approaches to testing"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-chemico"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-silico"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-vitro culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-vitro model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-vitro technique*"[Title/Abstract] OR "in-vitro test*"[Title/Abstract] OR "machine-based method*"[Title/Abstract] OR "machine-based model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "machine learning"[Title/Abstract] OR "mathematical model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microfluidic analytical technique*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microfluidic device*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microfluidic model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microfluidic platform*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microfluidic system*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microfluidic technolog*"[Title/Abstract] OR "microphysiological system*"[Title/Abstract] OR "multi-organ model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "nanochip analytical device*"[Title/Abstract] OR "new approach method*"[Title/Abstract] OR non-animal[Title/Abstract] OR nonanimal[Title/Abstract] OR omic*[Title/Abstract] OR "organ culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR organoid*[Title/Abstract] OR "organotypic cell culture"[Title/Abstract] OR "organotypic culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "organotypic model*"[Title/Abstract] OR PBKD[Title/Abstract] OR "physiologically based kinetic dynamic model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "predictive ecotoxicology"[Title/Abstract] OR "predictive model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "predictive toxicology"[Title/Abstract] OR read-across[Title/Abstract] OR QSAR[Title/Abstract] OR QSTR[Title/Abstract] OR "quantitative-structure-activity-relationship*"[Title/Abstract] OR "quantitative-structure-toxicity-relationship*"[Title/Abstract] OR RASAR[Title/Abstract] OR "read across method*"[Title/Abstract] OR read-across-structure-activity-relationship*[Title/Abstract] OR "sandwich culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR simulat*[Title/Abstract] OR software[Title/Abstract] OR spheroid*[Title/Abstract] OR "STEM cell research"[Title/Abstract] OR "theoretical model*"[Title/Abstract] OR "theoretical stud*"[Title/Abstract] OR "three-dimensional cell culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "three-dimensional culture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "three rs"[Title/Abstract] OR "tissue culture"[Title/Abstract] OR "tissue engineer*"[Title/Abstract] OR "toxicity test*"[Title/Abstract] OR "toxicology method*"[Title/Abstract] OR "toxicological method*"[Title/Abstract] OR weight-of-evidence[Title/Abstract] OR "reduce refine replace"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR “zebrafish embryo*”[Title/Abstract] OR “zebrafish larva*”[Title/Abstract] OR "rerio embryo*"[Title/Abstract] OR  "rerio larva*"[Title/Abstract] OR “zebra fish embryo*”[Title/Abstract] OR “zebra fish larva*”[Title/Abstract] OR "Zebrafish/embryology"[Mesh])

In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation

(BCS[Title/Abstract] OR biopharmaceutics-classification-system*[Title/Abstract] OR BDDCS[Title/Abstract] OR biopharmaceutics-drug-disposition-classification-system*[Title/Abstract] OR cross-species-extrapolation*[Title/Abstract] OR devToxqP[Title/Abstract] OR DevTox-quickPredict[Title/Abstract] OR drug-disposition-classification[Title/Abstract] OR ECCS[Title/Abstract] OR extended-clearance-classification-system*[Title/Abstract] OR ECCCS[Title/Abstract] OR ECM[Title/Abstract] OR extended-clearance-model*[Title/Abstract] OR "estimate clearance"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimate dose"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimate exposure"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimate vivo"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimate vitro"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimates clearance"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimates dose"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimates exposure"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimates vivo"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimates vitro"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimated clearance"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimated dose"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimated exposure"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimated vivo"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimated vitro"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimation clearance"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimation dose"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimation exposure"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimation vivo"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR "estimation vitro"[Title/Abstract:~5] OR exposure-estimate*[Title/Abstract] OR "extrapolation clearance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolation cross-species"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolation metabolism"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolation PK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolation PD"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolation vitro"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolation vivo"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated clearance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated cross-species"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated metabolism"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated PK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated PD"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated vitro"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "extrapolated vivo"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR extrapolation-factor*[Title/Abstract] OR extrapolation-model*[Title/Abstract] OR extrapolation-value*[Title/Abstract] OR Forecasting[MeSH Terms] OR "forecast vitro"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "forecast vivo"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR in-vitro-assay*[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-biokinetic[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-toxicity-data[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-method*[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo-developmental-toxicity[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo-dose-response-curve[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo-drug-metabolism[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo-pharmacokinetic-behavior*[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo-pharmacokinetic-behaviour*[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo-response*[Title/Abstract] OR Predictive Value of Tests[MeSH Terms] OR "predict bioaccumulation"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict bioactivity"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict clearance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict dose"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict effects"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict kinetics"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict model"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict pharmacokinetic"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict PK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict performance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict response"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predict TK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR predictive-science*[Title/Abstract] OR prediction-tool*[Title/Abstract] OR "predicted bioactivity"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted clearance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted dose"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted effects"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted kinetics"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted model"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted pharmacokinetic"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted PK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted performance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted response"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predicted TK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive science*"[Title/Abstract] OR "predictive bioactivity"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive clearance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive dose"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive effects"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive kinetics"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive model"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive pharmacokinetic"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive PK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive performance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive response"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive TK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "predictive bioactivity"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction clearance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction dose"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction effects"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction kinetics"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction model"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction pharmacokinetic"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction PK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction performance"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction response"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR "prediction TK"[Title/Abstract:~4] OR predictive-science*[Title/Abstract] OR prediction-tool*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual-population*[Title/Abstract]) AND (Animal Use Alternatives[MeSH Terms] OR Animal Testing Alternatives[MeSH Terms] OR Cells[MeSH Terms] OR Cell Line[MeSH Terms] OR chicken-embryo*[Title/Abstract] OR Culture Media[MeSH Terms] OR Embryonic Stem Cells[MeSH Terms] OR Embryo, Nonmammalian[MeSH Terms] OR Fishes[MeSH Terms] OR fish-embryo*[Title/Abstract] OR Humans[MeSH Terms] OR Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells[MeSH Terms] OR IPSCs[Title/Abstract] OR In Vitro Techniques[MeSH Terms] OR "Zebrafish/embryology"[MeSH Terms] OR NAMs[Title/Abstract] OR new-approach*[Title/Abstract] OR nonanimal[Title/Abstract] OR non-animal[Title/Abstract] OR rerio-embryo*[Title/Abstract] OR rerio-larva*[Title/Abstract] OR stem-cell*[Title/Abstract] OR zebrafish-embryo*[Title/Abstract] OR zebrafish-larva*[Title/Abstract]) AND (Algorithms[MeSH Terms] OR Biokinetic-model*[Title/Abstract] OR BMD-model*[Title/Abstract] OR Biopharmaceutics[MeSH Terms] OR Computational Biology[MeSH Terms] OR computational-toxicology[Title/Abstract] OR Computer Simulation[MeSH Terms] OR Data Interpretation, Statistical[MeSH Terms] OR Evaluation Studies as Topic[MeSH Terms] OR Expert Systems[MeSH Terms] OR Guidelines as Topic[MeSH Terms] OR High-Throughput Screening Assays[MeSH Terms] OR high-throughput-screen*[Title/Abstract] OR high-throughput-test*[Title/Abstract] OR in-silico[Title/Abstract] OR KNIME-workflow*[Title/Abstract] OR PBPK[Title/Abstract] OR Pharmaceutical Preparations[MeSH Terms] OR Pharmacokinetics[MeSH Terms] OR pharmacokinetics[MeSH Subheading] OR pharmacokinetic*[Title/Abstract] OR Physiologically-based-kinetic-model*[Title/Abstract] OR Models, Biological[MeSH Terms] OR Models, Chemical[MeSH Terms] OR Models, Theoretical[MeSH Terms] OR predictive-toxicology[Title/Abstract] OR "Small Molecule Libraries/classification"[MeSH Terms] OR "Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacokinetics"[MeSH Terms] OR "Small Molecule Libraries/toxicity"[MeSH Terms] OR Structure-Activity Relationship[MeSH Terms] OR Systems Biology[MeSH Terms] OR "Toxicity Tests/instrumentation"[MeSH Terms] OR "Toxicity Tests/methods"[MeSH Terms] OR "Toxicity Tests/standards"[MeSH Terms] OR "Toxicity Tests/trends"[MeSH Terms] OR toxicodynamic*[Title/Abstract] OR toxicokinetic*[Title/Abstract] OR "Toxicology/methods"[MeSH Terms] OR Models, Biological[MeSH Terms] OR QSAR[Title/Abstract] OR Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship[MeSH Terms] OR Toxcast[Title/Abstract] OR Toxicokinetics[MeSH Terms] OR toxicokinetic*[Title/Abstract]) AND (Absorption[MeSH Terms] OR activity-to-exposure[Title/Abstract] OR Area Under Curve[MeSH Terms] OR area-under-curve[Title/Abstract] OR benchmark-dose*[Title/Abstract] OR bioavailability[Title/Abstract] OR Binding Sites[MeSH Terms] OR Biological Availability[MeSH Terms] OR Biological Transport[MeSH Terms] OR Biomarkers[MeSH Terms] OR Biopharmaceutics[MeSH Terms] OR Biotransformation[MeSH Terms] OR biotransformation*[Title/Abstract] OR Cell Membrane Permeability[MeSH Terms] OR Cell Survival[MeSH Terms] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[MeSH Terms] OR Chemical Safety[MeSH Terms] OR chemical-safety[Title/Abstract] OR Chemistry[MeSH Subheading] OR clearance-estimate*[Title/Abstract] OR clearance-prediction*[Title/Abstract] OR cross-species-dosimetry[Title/Abstract] OR Decision Making, Organizational[MeSH Terms] OR Decision Making, Computer-Assisted[MeSH Terms] OR developmental-toxicity[Title/Abstract] OR drug-development*[Title/Abstract] OR drug-discovery[Title/Abstract] OR Drug Discovery[MeSH Terms] OR Drug Interactions[MeSH Terms] OR Drug-Drug-Interaction*[Title/Abstract] OR Drug Effects[MeSH Subheading] OR "Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions"[MeSH Terms] OR Dose-Response Relationship, Drug[MeSH Terms] OR drug-disposition[Title/Abstract] OR Drug Evaluation, Preclinical[MeSH Terms] OR drug-transport*[Title/Abstract] OR Endpoint Determination[MeSH Terms] OR Environmental-Protection-Agency[Title/Abstract] OR EPA[Title/Abstract] OR Feasibility Studies[MeSH Terms] OR Hazardous Substances[MeSH Terms] OR Hydrodynamics[MeSH Terms] OR Inhalation Exposure[MeSH Terms] OR Intestinal Absorption[MeSH Terms] OR Kinetics[MeSH Terms] OR LEC[Title/Abstract] OR LEL[Title/Abstract] OR LOAEL*[Title/Abstract] OR lowest-effective-concentration[Title/Abstract] OR lowest-effective-level*[Title/Abstract] OR mechanism-of-action[Title/Abstract] OR membrane-transport[Title/Abstract] OR metabolism[MeSH Subheading] OR Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial[MeSH Terms] OR Metabolic Clearance Rate[MeSH Terms] OR Metabolism[MeSH Terms] OR metabolism[Title/Abstract] OR microsomal-protein-per-gram-of-liver[Title/Abstract] OR Molecular Structure[MeSH Terms] OR MPPGL[Title/Abstract] OR National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences[MeSH Terms] OR National-Institute-of-Environmental-Health-Sciences[Title/Abstract] OR National-Toxicology-Program[Title/Abstract] OR NIEHS[Title/Abstract] OR No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level[MeSH Terms] OR NOAEL*[Title/Abstract] OR oral-equivalent-dose*[Title/Abstract] OR Permeability[MeSH Terms] OR Pharmaceutical Preparations[MeSH Terms] OR Pharmacokinetics[MeSH Terms] OR Pharmacokinetics[MeSH Subheading] OR pharmacokinetic*[Title/Abstract] OR Proteins[MeSH Terms] OR Protein Binding[MeSH Terms] OR Protein Kinase Inhibitors[MeSH Terms] OR regulatory[Title/Abstract] OR regulation*[Title/Abstract] OR reverse-dosimetry[Title/Abstract] OR Risk Assessment[MeSH Terms] OR risk-assessment*[Title/Abstract] OR Risk Factors[MeSH Terms] OR Solubility[MeSH Terms] OR safety-assessment*[Title/Abstract] OR Species Specificity[MeSH Terms] OR species-specificity[Title/Abstract] OR threshold-of-toxicological-concern[Title/Abstract] OR Time Factors[MeSH Terms] OR Tissue Distribution[MeSH Terms] OR Toxicity[MeSH Subheading] OR Toxicity-Testing-in-the-21st-Century[Title/Abstract] OR Tox-21[Title/Abstract] OR Toxicology[MeSH Terms] OR TTC[Title/Abstract] OR "United States Dept. of Health and Human Services"[MeSH Terms] OR United States Environmental Protection Agency[MeSH Terms] OR Water Pollutants, Chemical[MeSH Terms]) AND (IVIVE[Title/Abstract] OR QIVIVE[Title/Abstract] OR quantitative-extrapolation[Title/Abstract] OR quantitative-in-vitro-in-vivo-extrapolation[Title/Abstract] OR Quantitative-in-vitro-to-in-vivo-extrapolation[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-to-in-vivo-extrapolation[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-in-vivo-extrapolation[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-to-in-vivo-extrapolation[Title/Abstract] OR (extrapolat*[Title/Abstract] AND (in-vitro[Title/Abstract] OR in-vivo[Title/Abstract] OR in-vitro-in-vivo[Title/Abstract])) OR ("predict vitro"[Title/Abstract:~10] AND vivo[Title/Abstract]) OR ("prediction vitro"[Title/Abstract:~10] AND vivo[Title/Abstract]) OR ("predicts vitro"[Title/Abstract:~10] AND vivo[Title/Abstract]) OR ("predicted vitro"[Title/Abstract:~10] AND vivo[Title/Abstract]) OR ("predictions vitro"[Title/Abstract:~10] AND vivo[Title/Abstract]))

Microphysiological Systems

(("Bioengineering"[Mesh] OR Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional[Mesh] OR Lab-On-A-Chip Devices[Mesh] OR Microfluidics[Mesh] OR Microfluidic Analytical Techniques[Mesh] OR Microphysiological Systems[Mesh] OR Organoids[Mesh] OR Spheroids, Cellular[Mesh] OR "bioengineered tissue"[tiab:~2] OR "on-a-chip"[tiab] OR "on a chip"[tiab] OR "on chip"[tiab] OR "on-chip*"[tiab] OR "a-chip"[tiab] OR "a chip"[tiab] OR enteroid*[tiab] OR "explant model"[tiab:~2] OR "explant culture"[tiab:~2] OR "in-silico models"[tiab:~2] OR "in-vitro organ"[tiab:~2] OR "lab chip"[tiab:~2] OR microphysiometry[tiab] OR "multi-organ model*"[tiab] OR "microfluidic analytical technique*"[tiab] OR "microfluidic chip"[tiab:~2] OR "microfluidic culture"[tiab:~2] OR "microfluidic device*"[tiab] OR "microfluidic environment"[tiab:~2] OR "microfluidic technolog*" OR [tiab] "microfluidic tool*"[tiab] OR "microfluidic model*"[tiab] OR "microfluidic platform*"[tiab] OR "microfluidic system*"[tiab] OR "microphysiological system*"[tiab] OR "microsphere hydrogel*"[tiab] OR "micro-total analysis system*"[tiab] OR "micro-tumor model*"[tiab] OR "MPS model"[tiab:~4] OR "MPS models"[tiab:~4] OR "MPS platform"[tiab] OR "MPS device*"[tiab] OR "MPS system"[tiab:~4] OR "MPS systems"[tiab:~4] OR "nanochip analytical device*"[tiab] OR "organ chip*"[tiab] OR "organ-chip*"[tiab] OR "organotypic cell culture*"[tiab] OR "organotypic culture*"[tiab] OR "organotypic model*"[tiab] OR "scaffold cell culture*"[tiab] OR "stem cell organoid"[tiab] OR "tissue bioengineer"[tiab:~2] OR "tissue bioengineering"[tiab:~2] OR "tissue model*"[tiab] OR ((3D[tiab] OR 3-D[tiab] OR "three dimensional"[tiab] OR "3-dimensional"[tiab]) AND ("bioprint"[tiab] OR "tissue print*"[tiab] OR "cell culture*"[tiab] OR "in-vitro model*"[tiab] OR "organoid*"[tiab] OR "stem cell*"[tiab] OR "iPSC" OR "organotypic"[tiab]))) NOT ("Abattoirs"[Mesh])) AND ((3Rs[tiab] OR "alternative to animal model*"[tiab] OR "alternatives to animal model*"[tiab] OR "alternative to animal testing"[tiab] OR "alternatives to animal testing"[tiab] OR "alternative to animal use"[tiab:~0] OR "alternatives to animal use"[tiab] OR "animal alternative*"[tiab] OR "animal-free"[tiab] OR "animal testing alternative*"[tiab] OR "Animal Testing Alternatives"[mh] OR "animal use alternative*"[tiab] OR Animal Use Alternatives[mh] OR "new approach method*"[tiab] OR nonanimal[tiab] OR "non-animal"[tiab] OR "three rs"[tiab] OR "reduction refinement replacement"[tiab:~4] OR "reduce refine replace"[tiab:~4]))

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