Oral Mucosa - Inflammation

Oral mucosa - Inflammation, Suppurative in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There is an area of suppurative inflammation with necrosis and bacterial organisms (arrow).
Figure 1 of 4

Oral mucosa - Inflammation, Suppurative in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There is an area of suppurative inflammation with necrosis and fungal organisms (arrow).
Figure 2 of 4

Oral mucosa - Inflammation, Chronic active in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There is chronic active inflammation subjacent to a mucosal ulceration (arrow).
Figure 3 of 4
comment:
Inflammation in the oral cavity is often secondary to traumatic injury from foreign bodies or gavage procedure or to necrosis from chemical agents. Infectious agents, usually opportunistic organisms such as bacteria and fungi, may be seen within the lesion ( Figure 1





recommendation:
Whenever present, inflammation should be diagnosed, graded, and given a modifier that indicates the duration or type of inflammation (i.e., acute, suppurative, chronic, chronic active, or granulomatous). The severity grade depends on the extent of the area affected and the density of the cellular infiltrate. Lesions consistent with an abscess are diagnosed as suppurative inflammation. Inflammation that is secondary to another lesion, such as ulcer, erosion, or necrosis, should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity. If, however, the inflammation is considered the primary lesion and is the cause of the associated lesions (ulcer, erosion, necrosis, etc.), then the inflammation should be diagnosed and the secondary lesions described in the narrative. Bacteria, fungi, or other opportunistic organisms are not diagnosed separately. Foreign material within the lesion should be diagnosed only if it considered the primary lesion (i.e., the cause of the inflammation). If the pathologist feels the foreign material was introduced subsequent to the inflammation, then the foreign material should be described in the pathology narrative but not diagnosed separately.references:
Bertram TA, Markovits JE, Juliana MM. 1996. Non-proliferative lesions of the alimentary canal in rats GI-1. In Guides for Toxicologic Pathology. STP/ARP/AFIP, Washington, DC, 1-16. Full Text: https://www.toxpath.org/docs/SSNDC/GINonproliferativeRat.pdf
Klein-Szanto AJP, Conti CJ, Aldaz CM. 1990. Skin and oral mucosa. In: Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology (Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 85-119. Abstract: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123302151
Web page last updated on: November 17, 2014