Salivary Gland - Inflammation





comment:
In NTP studies, there are five standard categories of inflammation: acute ( Figure 1





Chronic inflammation can be seen in rats infected with sialodacryoadenitis corona virus, chronic infections with Klebsiella aerogenes, and immune-mediated sialoadenitis in mice. Sialodacryoadenitis virus (a corona virus) is the most important infectious agent affecting the salivary glands of rats (mice are not susceptible) because of its potential to compromise the interpretation of toxicologic studies. The virus, which mainly affects the submandibular and parotid salivary glands, causes gross enlargement of the glands, necrosis of both acinar and ductular epithelium, and marked inflammation. The sublingual salivary glands are not generally affected. In the acute phase, a neutrophilic infiltrate is associated with the necrosis, but later the infiltrates consist predominantly of mononuclear cells (chronic inflammation).
recommendation:
Whenever present, inflammation should be diagnosed and given a severity grade. A modifier indicating the duration or type of inflammation (i.e., acute, suppurative, chronic, chronic active, or granulomatous) should be included in the diagnosis. The severity grade depends on the extent of area of salivary gland affected and the density of the cellular infiltrate. Lesions consistent with an abscess are diagnosed as suppurative inflammation. Associated lesions, such as fibrosis, necrosis, edema, and hemorrhage, should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity.references:
Ackermann MR. 2007. Chronic inflammation and wound healing. In: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th ed (McGavin MD, Zachary JF, eds). Mosby, St Louis, MO, 153-191.
Arseculeratne SN, Panabokke RG, Navaratnam C, Weliange LV. 1981. An epizootic of Klebsiella aerogenes infection in laboratory rats. Lab Anim 15:333-337. Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7043077
Botts S, Jokinen M, Gaillard ET, Elwell MR, Mann PC. 1999. Salivary, Harderian, and lacrimal glands. In: Pathology of the Mouse (Maronpot RR, ed). Cache River Press, St Louis, MO, 49-80. Abstract: http://www.cacheriverpress.com/books/pathmouse.htm
Neuenschwander SB, Elwell MR. 1990. Salivary glands. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat (Boorman GA, Montgomery CA, MacKenzie WF, eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 31-42. Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9002563
Web page last updated on: November 17, 2014