Tongue, Epithelium - Hyperplasia

comment:
Squamous cell hyperplasia in the oral cavity is seen most commonly on the tongue, palate, and lateral wall of the pharynx. Squamous cell hyperplasia is characterized by increased cell numbers, which usually results in increased thickness of the squamous epithelium. Squamous hyperplasia may be diffuse or plaque-like or may form blunt papillary projections. Focal hyperplasia can have multiple finger-like projections, each with its own lamina propria ( Figure 1

recommendation:
Squamous hyperplasia should be diagnosed and graded based on the size and number of the areas affected and the thickness of the epithelium. Associated hyperkeratosis, ulceration, or inflammation should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity.references:
Brown HR, Hardisty JF. 1990. Oral cavity, esophagus and stomach. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat (Boorman GA, Montgomery CA, MacKenzie WF, eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 9-30. Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9002563
Leininger JR, Jokinen MP, Dangler CA, Whiteley LO. 1999. Oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach. In: Pathology of the Mouse (Maronpot RR, ed). Cache River Press, St Louis, MO, 29-48. Abstract: http://www.cacheriverpress.com/books/pathmouse.htm
National Toxicology Program. 2010. NTP TR-544. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dibromoacetonitrile (CAS No. 3252-43-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies). NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC. Abstract: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/32617
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