Adrenal Gland - Extramedullary Hematopoiesis





comment:
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) can occur in various tissues, including the adrenal cortex and medulla. EMH is not commonly seen in the adrenal gland, so if it is present, it will likely also be present in other organs, most likely the spleen and liver (see Spleen - Extramedullary Hematopoiesis and Liver - Extramedullary Hematopoiesis). EMH is typically composed of mixed myelopoietic and erythropoietic cells but may be primarily (rarely exclusively) composed of one or the other lineage. Extramedullary myelopoiesis is usually secondary to various inflammatory or immune responses and is a reaction to the need for additional white blood cells. Extramedullary erythropoiesis is frequently a response to certain types of anemia (e.g., hemolytic anemia or blood loss) and some situations leading to hypoxia (e.g., respiratory disease). Low-grade EMH in the adrenal gland of rats and especially mice can also occur without any clear inciting cause.Adrenal EMH consists of variably sized, noncompressive clusters of immature hematopoietic cells and/or megakaryocytes scattered throughout the cortex and/or medulla ( Figure 1






recommendation:
Adrenal extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade only if there are treatment-related increases in incidence and/or severity. When it is diagnosed, a site modifier (i.e., cortex or medulla) should be included in the diagnosis to indicate the location of the lesion. If EMH is present in both the cortex and medulla, the site modifier may be omitted and the location described in the pathology narrative. If EMH is seen in both adrenal glands, the modifier "bilateral" should be added to the diagnosis (lesions are assumed to be unilateral unless otherwise indicated). If the lesion is composed primarily or exclusively of a particular cell lineage (e.g., myelopoietic or erythropoietic), this should be indicated in the pathology narrative.references:
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Web page last updated on: January 02, 2015