Adrenal Gland - Inflammation

comment:
Inflammation of the adrenal gland is uncommon in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice. It is usually secondary to systemic disease or as an extension of inflammation in adjacent tissues, such as the kidney or retroperitoneal fat. Adrenal gland inflammation must be distinguished from extramedullary hematopoiesis (foci of immature hematopoietic cells) and from systemic lymphoid or hematopoietic neoplastic infiltrates (poorly differentiated, often anaplastic cells usually in extensive accumulations that distort or obliterate normal glandular architecture).In NTP studies, there are five standard categories of inflammation: acute, suppurative, chronic, chronic-active, and granulomatous. Acute inflammation is characterized by infiltration of neutrophils ( Figure 1


recommendation:
Adrenal gland inflammation should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade and appropriate type modifier (e.g., acute, chronic). A site modifier (i.e., cortex or medulla) should be included in the diagnosis to indicate the location of the lesion. If it is present in both the cortex and medulla, the site modifier may be omitted and the location described in the pathology narrative. If the adrenal inflammation is part of a systemic process or an extension of inflammation in adjacent tissues, this should be noted in the narrative. Associated lesions (e.g., necrosis, hemorrhage) should be diagnosed separately only if warranted by severity. If inflammation is present in both adrenal glands, the modifier "bilateral" should be included in the diagnosis (lesions are assumed to be unilateral unless otherwise indicated).references:
Hamlin MH, Banas DA. 1990. Adrenal gland. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat: Reference and Atlas (Boorman GA, Eustis SL, Elwell MR, Montgomery CA, MacKenzie WF, eds). Academic Press, San Diego, 501-518. Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9002563
Kanczkowski W, Chatzigeorgiou A, Samus M, Tran N, Zacharowski K, Chavakis T, Bornstein SR. 2013. Characterization of the LPS-induced inflammation of the adrenal gland of the mouse. Mol Cell Biol 371:228-235. Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23295830
National Toxicology Program. 3011. NTP TR-564. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1-Bromopropane (CAS No. 106-94-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). Abstract: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/34854
Nyska A, Maronpot RR. 1990. Adrenal gland. In: Pathology of the Mouse: Reference and Atlas (Maronpot RR, Boorman GA, Gaul BW, eds). Cache River Press, Vienna, IL, 509-536. Abstract: http://www.cacheriverpress.com/books/pathmouse.htm
Web page last updated on: January 02, 2015