Skeletal Muscle - Hemorrhage





comment:
Hemorrhage in muscle, as in other tissues, is histologically characterized by the extravascular accumulation of blood, which in the case of skeletal muscle separates and surrounds ( Figure 1









Intramuscular hemorrhage typically occurs following an insult to the muscle, such as blunt trauma, intramuscular injection (injection site), or inflammation. Primary vascular lesions, such as aneurysms and vasculitis, and abnormalities in platelets or coagulation factors can also result in intramuscular hemorrhage.
recommendation:
When present as a primary and significant change, intramuscular hemorrhage should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade based on the extent of the lesion. The pathologist should thoroughly evaluate the tissue in an attempt to determine the primary cause of the hemorrhage (e.g., primary vascular lesions, evidence of trauma). Secondary myopathic changes do not need to be recorded separately unless warranted by severity but should be described in the pathology narrative.references:
Berridge BR, Van Vleet JF, Herman E. 2013. Cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle systems. In: Haschek and Rousseaux’s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, 3rd ed (Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA, Bolon B, Ochoa R, Mahler MW, eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1635-1665.
Greaves P, Chouinard L, Ernst H, Mecklenburg L, Pruimboom-Brees IM, Rinke M, Rittinghausen S, Thibault S, von Erichsen J, Yoshida T. 2013. Proliferative and non-proliferative lesions of the rat and mouse soft tissue, skeletal muscle, and mesothelium. J Toxicol Pathol 26(3 suppl):1S-26S. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035576
Hardisty JF, Elwell MR, Ernst H, Greaves P, Kolenda-Roberts H, Malarkey DE, Mann PC, Tellier PA. 2007. Histopathology of hemangiosarcomas in mice and hamsters and liposarcomas/fibrosarcomas in rats associated with PPAR agonists. Toxicol Pathol 35:928-941. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18098039
Mosier DA. 2007. Vascular disorders and thrombosis. In: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (McGavin MD, Zachary JF, eds). Mosby Elsevier, St Louis, 63-100.
Vahle JL, Leininger JR, Long PH, Hall DG, Ernst H. 2013. Bone, muscle, and tooth. In: Toxicologic Pathology: Nonclinical Safety Assessment (Sahota PS, Popp JA, Hardisty JF, Gopinath C, eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 561-587.
Web page last updated on: March 11, 2015