Alimentary System

Stomach, Glandular Stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia

Narrative
Comment:
Glandular stomach lesions are quite rare in NTP mouse studies. Hyperplasia of the glandular stomach mucosa is not common in controls but may be seen in regenerative hyperplasia, such as at the margin of an ulcer or erosion. Glandular hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in density of glands within the mucosa. In rats, hyperplasia may be a preneoplastic lesion. Focal hyperplasia is seen occasionally in mice. However, in mice this is not considered to be a preneoplastic change; the incidence is not increased in studies with adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach, and progression from focal hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma has not been observed.
Recommendations:
Hyperplasia of the glandular stomach is diagnosed and graded based on the extent of the lesion and the number of cells within the gastric glands. When atypical hyperplasia is diagnosed, the atypical features should be clearly described in the pathology narrative (see Stomach, Glandular Stomach - Epithelium - Hyperplasia, Atypical ). Associated lesions, such as necrosis and inflammation, should be diagnosed separately. If the hyperplasia is thought to be secondary to necrosis or inflammation (e.g., regenerative), it should be made clear in the pathology narrative.
Related Links:
Stomach, Glandular Stomach - Epithelium - Hyperplasia, Atypical
References:

Bertram TA, Markovits JE, Juliana MM. 1996. Non-proliferative lesions of the alimentary canal in rats GI-1. In Guides for Toxicologic Pathology. STP/ARP/AFIP, Washington, DC, 1-16.

Full Text: https://www.toxpath.org/docs/SSNDC/GINonproliferativeRat.pdf

Brown HR, Hardisty JF. 1990. Oral cavity, esophagus and stomach. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat (Boorman GA, Montgomery CA, MacKenzie WF, eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 9-30.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9002563

Greaves P. 2007. Digestive system. In: Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies, 3rd ed. Academic Press, London, 334-456.

Abstract: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444527714

Hirose M, Hakoi K, Takahashi S, Hoshiya T, Akagi K, Lin C, Saito K, Kaneko H, Shirai T. 1999. Sequential morphological and biological changes in the glandular stomach induced by oral administration of catechol to male F344 rats. Toxicol Pathol 27:448-455.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10485826

Hirose M, Wada S, Yamaguchi S, Masuda A, Okazaki S, Ito N. 1992. Reversibility of catechol-induced rat glandular stomach lesions. Cancer Res 52:787-790.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1737338

Johnson JD, Ryan MJ, Toft JD II, Graves SW, Hejtmancik MR, Cunningham ML, Herbert R, Abdo KM. 2000. Two-year toxicity and carcinogenicity study of methyleugenol in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. J Agric Food Chem 48:3620-3632.

Abstract: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf000364a

Leininger JR, Jokinen MP, Dangler CA, Whiteley LO. 1999. Oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach. In: Pathology of the Mouse (Maronpot RR, ed). Cache River Press, St Louis, MO, 29-48.

Abstract: http://www.cacheriverpress.com/books/pathmouse.htm

Morson BC, Sobin LH, Grundmann E, Johansen A, Nagayo T, Serck-Hanssen A. 1980. Precancerous conditions and epithelial dysplasia in the stomach. J Clin Pathol 33:711-721.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1146204/

Nagayo T. 1981. Dysplasia of the gastric mucosa and its relation to the precancerous state. Jpn J Cancer Res 72:813-823.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7341333

Streett CS, Cimprich RE, Robertson JL. 1984. Pathologic findings in the stomach of rats treated with the H2-receptor antagonist tiotidine. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 101:190-117.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6152748

Tsiftsis D, Jass JR, Filipe MI, Wastell C. 1980. Altered patterns of mucin secretion in the precancerous lesions induced in the glandular part of the rat stomach by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine. Invest Cell Pathol 3:399-408.

Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7462020
  • Image of hyperplasia in the glandular stomach epithelium from a female F344/N rat in a chronic study

    Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a female F344/N rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 1). The basophilic cells are smaller and more crowded, and there slight compression of the adjacent mucosa.

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Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in female F344/N rat from a chronic study. There is a focal area of hyperplasia in the mucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in female F344/N rat from a chronic study. There is a focal area of hyperplasia in the mucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a female F344/N rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 1). The basophilic cells are smaller and more crowded, and there slight compression of the adjacent mucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a female F344/N rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 1). The basophilic cells are smaller and more crowded, and there slight compression of the adjacent mucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. There is an expansile focus of basophilic cells with glandular dilation (arrows).
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. There is an expansile focus of basophilic cells with glandular dilation (arrows).
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 3). The nuclei are crowded, but there is little compression of the adjacent mucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 3). The nuclei are crowded, but there is little compression of the adjacent mucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in female F344/NTac rat from a subchronic study. There is a focus of proliferating epithelial cells (arrow) extending into the submucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in female F344/NTac rat from a subchronic study. There is a focus of proliferating epithelial cells (arrow) extending into the submucosa.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in female F344/NTac rat from a subchronic study (higher magnification of Figure 5). The hyperplastic cells are smaller and more basophilic than the normal glandular epithelial cells.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in female F344/NTac rat from a subchronic study (higher magnification of Figure 5). The hyperplastic cells are smaller and more basophilic than the normal glandular epithelial cells.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There are numerous foci of hyperplasia within the mucosa (arrows).
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There are numerous foci of hyperplasia within the mucosa (arrows).
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 7). The hyperplastic cells are small, crowded, and basophilic.
Stomach, Glandular stomach, Epithelium - Hyperplasia in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 7). The hyperplastic cells are small, crowded, and basophilic.

Authors:

Linda H. Kooistra, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Pathologist
Charles River Laboratories, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, NC

Abraham Nyska, DVM, Diplomate ECVP, Fellow IATP
Expert in Toxicologic Pathology
Visiting Full Professor of Pathology
Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Timrat Israel

Reviewers:

Joel R. Leininger, DVM, PhD
Senior Pathologist
MedImmune
Washington, DC

Amy Brix, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Senior Pathologist
Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, NC